Essential Articles in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training 1980-2003

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Compiled by:
PM&R Alliance, Baylor College of Medicine/University of Texas-Houston
(Gerard E. Francisco, M.D., Amy Bowles, M.D., Viviana Tastard, M.D.)

With contributions from:
Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk (Cindy Flick, M.D.)
Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital and Clinics (Noel Rao, M.D.)
Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh (Mary Ann Miknevich, MD)
Mt. Sinai Medical Center, NY (Adam Stein, MD)
Nassau University Medical Center, NY (Lynn Weiss, MD)
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (James Sliwa, D.O.)
UMDNJ/New Jersey Medical School (Denise A. Campagnolo, M.D.)
University of Washington-Seattle (Teresa Massagli, M.D.)
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, D.C. (Paul A. Pasquina, M.D.)
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor (Catherine Spires, M.D.)

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Cardiac Rehabilitation

• Cardiac precautions for non-acute inpatient settings. Fletcher BJ, Dunbar S, Coleman J, Jann B, Fletcher GF. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 72:140-3.
• Hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation. Flores AM. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Amer 1995;6(2):243-261.
• Exercise testing & prescription. Myers JN, Froelicher VF. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Amer 1995;6(2):117-151.
• Cardiac rehabilitation in the lower-extremity amputee. Gitter A. Halar EM. Phys Med Rehabilitation Clin North Am 1995;6(2):311-330.
• Cardiac rehabilitation of the patient with stroke. Gitter A. Halar EM. Phys Med Rehabilitation Clin North Am 1995;6(2):297-310.
• Rehabilitation after cardiac transplantation: case series and literature review. Joshi A, Kevorkian CG. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 76:249-254.

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• Update and perspectives on noninvasive respiratory muscle aids: part 1--the inspiratory muscle aids. Bach JR. Chest 1994;105:1230-1240.
• Update and perspectives on noninvasive respiratory muscle aids: part 2--the expiratory muscle aids. Bach JR. Chest 1994;105:1538-1544.
• Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation of COPD. Annals Int Med Bach JR. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1996; 7: 423-43.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation in the acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Glassman SJ. Respiratory Care Clin North Am 1998; 4: 47-57.
• Intermittent positive pressure ventilation via the mouth as an alternative to tracheostomy for 257 ventilator users. Bach JR, Alba AS. Chest 1993:74-82.

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• Non-organic physical signs in low back pain. Waddell G, McCulloch JA, Kummel E, Venner RM. Spine 1980; 5:117-125.
• Behavioral responses to examination: a reappraisal of the interpretation of “nonorganic signs”. Main CJ, Waddell G. Spine 1998; 23: 2367-2371.
• Disc pressure measurements. Nachemson AL. Spine. 1981;6(1):93-7.
• What can the history and physical examination tell us about low back pain? Deyo RA, et al.. JAMA 1992; 268: 760-5.
• How effective are exercise and physical therapy for chronic low back pain? Carter IR, Lord JL. J Fam Pract 2002:51(3):209.
• Lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain. Fritzell P, Hagg O. Spine 2001 Dec 1; 29(23): 2521-32. (VOLVO award winner)
• Acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled study with long-term follow-up. Carlsson CP, Sjolund BH. Clin J Pain 2001; 17(4) 296-305.
• Evaluation and treatment of low back pain: an evidence-based approach to clinical care. Atlas SJ, Nardin RA. Muscle Nerve. 2003; 27(3): 265-84.
• The Natural History of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusions. Saal JA, Saal JS. Spine. 1990; 15(7): 683-6.
• High levels of inflammatory phospholipase A2 activity in lumbar disc herniations. Saul JS, Transon RC, Dobrow R, et. Al. Spine 1990; 15:674-678.
• Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. Jensen MC. Brant-Zawadzki MN. Obuchowski N, et al. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(2): 69-73.
• The treatment of low back pain: bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity? Malmivarra, A. N Engl J Med 1995; 322:351-5.
• Drug therapy for back pain: which drugs help which patients? Deyo RA. Spine 1996; 21(24): 2840-9; discussion 2849-50.
• How many days of bed rest for acute low back pain? Deyo RA, et al. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1064-1070.
• Nonoperative treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc with radiculopathy: an outcome study. Saal JA, Saal JS. Spine 1989; 14: 431-437.
• A controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and exercise for chronic low back pain. Deyo RA, Walsh NE, et al. N Eng J Med 1990; 322: 1627-34.
• The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Schwarzer AC, April CN, et al. Spine 1995; 20: 31-7.
• Acute lower back problems in adults. US Department of Health and Human Services. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical practice guideline, No 14, AHCPR publication. No 95-0643, 1994.

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• Neurosurgical procedures for chronic pain: general neurosurgical practice. North RB. Clin Neurosurg 1993; 40: 182-96.
• Radiofrequency lumbar facet denervation: analysis of prognostic factors. North RB, Han M, et al. Pain 1994; 57: 77-83.
• Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain. Lord SM, Barnsley L, et al. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1721-6.
• Efficacy of first-time steroid injection for painful heel syndrome. Miller RA, Torres J, et al. Foot Ankle Int 1995; 16: 610-2.
• Mechanisms of causalgia and related clinical conditions. Schott GD. Brain 109: 717-738, 1986.
• Pathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998 Jul; 79(7): 863-72. (complete)
• Lidocaine injection versus dry needling to myofascial trigger point: the importance of the local twitch response. Hong CZ. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 73(4): 256-63.
• Referred pain elicited by palpation and by needling of myofascial trigger points: a comparison. Hong CZ, Kuan TS, Chen JT, Chan SM. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997; 78(9): 957-60.
• Lack of analgesic effects of opioids on neuropathic and idiopathic forms of pain. Arner S et al. Pain 33 (1988): 11-23.
• Are opioids effective in relieving neuropathic pain? Dellemijn P. Pain 1999; 80:453-62.
• Treatment planning in pain medicine. Integrating medical, physical, and behavioral therapies. Gallagher RM et al. Med Clin N Amer 1999; 83(5): 823-49. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Gallagher in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Long term spinal analgesic delivery: A review. Wallace MS et al. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000; 25:117-157.
• Prognostic factors of spinal cord stimulation for chronic back and leg pain. Burchiel K. Neurosurgery 1995; 36:1101-1111.
• Origin of nerves supplying the posterior portion of the lumbar intervertebral discs in rats. Nakamura S et al. Spine 1996; 21:917-24.
• The tissue origin of low back pain and sciatica. Kuslich SD et al. Orthop Clin North Am 1991; 22:181-87.
• Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review. Ezzo J et al. Pain 86 (2000): 217-25.
• Evidence for and against the use of opioid analgesics for chronic nonmalignant low back pain: A Review. Bartleson JD. Pain Medicine 2002; 3(3): 260-71.
• The effect of antidepressant treatment on chronic back pain. Salerno SM et al. Arch Int Med 2002;162:19-24.
• Grading the severity of chronic pain. Von Korff M et al. Pain 1992; 50:133-49.
• Trigeminal Neuralgia. Internal J Pain Med Pall Care. Nurmikko TJ. 2003; 3(1): 2-11.
• Anticonvulsants in neuropathic pain: Rationale and clinical evidence. Jensen TS. Euro J Pain. 2002; 6(SupplA): 61-68.
• Enhanced temporal summation of second pain and its central modulation in fibromyalgia patients. Price DD et al. Pain 2002; 99: 49-59.
• Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Baron BR, et al. Lancet 2002; 359: 1655-1660.
• National Institutes of Health Workshop: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy/ Complex regional pain syndromes: State of the science. Baron R et al. Anesth Analg. 2002; 95: 1812-6.
• Complex regional pain syndrome is a disease of the central nervous system. Baron et al. Clin Auton Res. 2002; 12: 150-64.
• Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome (RSD): a retrospective multicenter experience from 1995 to 1998 of 101 patients. Bennett DS, et al. Neuromodulation 1999; 2(3): 202-10.

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• Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis. Part II. Osteoarthritis of the knee. Hochberg MC, Altman RD, et al. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1541-6.
• Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis. Part I. Osteoarthritis of the hip. Hochberg MC, Altman RD, et al. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1535-40.
• A controlled evaluation of continuous passive motion in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. McInnes J, Larson MG, Daltroy LH, et al.. JAMA. 1992; 268(11): 1423-8.
• Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 2002; 46(2): 328-346.
• Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lieberman U. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1437-43.

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• Upper limb amputee rehab. Meier RH. Phys Med Rehabil: State of the art reviews. 1994; 8(1): 165-85.
• Upper limb powered components and controls: current concepts. Michael JW. Clin Prosthet Orthot 1986; 10(2): 66-77.
• Functional comparison of upper extremity amputees using myoelectric and conventional prostheses. Stein,R. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983; 64(6): 243-8.
• Prosthetic usage in major upper extremity amputations. Wright. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1995; 20(4): 619-22.
• The biomechanics of canes, crutches, and walkers. Deathe AB, Hayes KC, Winter DA: Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med 1993; 5(1): 15-29
• Canes, crutches and walkers. Joyce BM, Kirby RL. Am Fam Physician 1991; 43:535-42.
• Energy cost of ambulation with crutches. Fisher S. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981; 62(6): 250-6.
• Ambulation levels of bilateral lower extremity amputees. Volpecelli, L. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983; 65(5): 599-605.
• Gait problems in diabetic neuropathic patients. Courtemanche R, Teasdale N. et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77:849-55.
• External spinal orthotics. Sypert GW. Neurosurgery 1987; 20(4): 642-9.
• Analysis of prosthetic gait. Esquanazi A. Phys Med Rehabil State Art Rev 1994; 8: 201-20.
• Silicone soft socket system: its effect on the rehabilitation of geriatric patients with transfemoral amputations. Trieb, K Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80(5): 522-5.
• Transfemoral amputation: biomechanics and surgery. Gottschalk F. Clin Orthop1999; 361:15-22.
• Current transfemoral sockets. Schuch CM, Pritham CH. Clin Orthop 1999;361: 48-54.
• Modern prosthetic knee mechanisms. Michael JW. Clin Orthop 1999;361:39-47.
• Lower limb prosthetic sockets. Leonard JA Jr. Phys Med Rehabil: State of the art reviews 1994; 8(1): 129-45
• Suspension systems for prostheses. Kapp S. Clin Orthop 1999;361:55-62.
• Prosthetic feet: a scientific and clinical review of current components. Czerniecki JM, Gitter A. Phys Med Rehabil 1994;8(1):109-128
• Rehabilitation in limb deficiency. 2. The pediatric amputee. Jain S. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: S9-13.
• Prosthetic management of children with limb deficiencies. Krebs DE, et al. Phys Ther 1991; 71: 920-34.
• Geriatric amputee. Friedman LW. PM&R State of the Art Reviews 1994; 8(1): 187-192
• Rehabilitation of the elderly amputee. Clark GS, Blue B. J Am Geriatr Soc 1983; 67-76.
• Geriatric amputee rehabilitation. Esquenazi A. Clin Geriatr Med 1993; 9 (4): 731-43.
• Rehabilitation after amputation. Esquenazi A, DiGiacomo R. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2001; 91(1):13-22.
• The pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems: an overview. Shaw JE, Boulton AJM. Diabetes 1997; 46 Suppl 2: S58-61.
• Assessment and management of foot disease in patients with diabetes. Caputo GM, Cavanagh PR, Ulbrecht JS, Gibbons GW, Karchmer AW. New Engl J Med 1994; 331:854-60.
• Consensus development conference on diabetic foot wound care: 7-8 April 1999, Boston, Massachusetts. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 1999:22; 1354-60.
• Total contact casting in diabetic patients with neuropathic foot ulcerations. Helm PA, Walker SC, Pullium G. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984; 65: 691-3.
• Pharmacologic management of peripheral vascular disease. McNamara DB, Champioon HC, Kadowitz PJ. Surg Clin North Am 1998;78:447-64. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter McNamara in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Phantom limb sensation and phantom pain. Kamen LB, Chapis GJ. Phys Med Rehabil: State of the Art Rev. 1994; 8(1): 73-88.

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• Head trauma as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: a collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. Mortimer JA, Van Duijn CM, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20 (suppl 2): S28-35.
• Apopipoprotein E e4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing. Jordan B, Relkin NR, Ravdin LD, et al. JAMA 1997;278:136-140.
• Neuroimaging in patients with traumatic brain injury. Newberg AB, et al. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996; 11(6): 65-79.
• The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a review. Cope DN. Brain Inj 1995; 9: 649-70.
• Mild traumatic brain Injury: pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical management. Alexander MP: Neurol 1995; 45:1253-1260.
• A randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures. Temkin NR, et al. N Engl J Med. 1990 23;323(8):497-502.
• Posttraumatic Seizures. Yablon SA. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74(9):983-1001.
• Recommendations for use of uniform nomenclature pertinent to patients with severe alterations in consciousness. Position paper. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76:205-9.
• Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (1). The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(21):1499-508.
• Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (2). The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(22):1572-9.
• Subacute methylphenidate treatment for moderate to moderately severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary double-blind placebo-controlled study. Plenger PM, et al Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77(6):536-40.
• Pharmacological treatment of arousal and cognitive deficits. Wroblewski BA, et al. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994; 91 (3): 19-42.
• The Brain Trauma Foundation: the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17(6-7):471-595.
• Diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury: current concepts. Meythaler JM, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(10):1461-71.
• Axonal response to traumatic brain injury: reactive axonal change, deafferentation, and neuroplasticity. Povlishock JT, et al. J Neurotrauma 1992; ( Suppl 1): S 189-200.
• Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus. Beyerl B, Black PM: Neurosurgery, 1984; 15: 257-261.
• Agitation following traumatic head injury: equivocal evidence for a discrete stage of cognitive recovery. Corrigan JD, and Mysiw WJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69(7):487-92.
• The agitated brain injured patient. Part I: definitions, differential diagnosis, and assessment. Saundel ME, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 617-23.
• The agitated brain injury patient. Part II. Pathophysiology and treatment. Mysiw WJ, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78: 213-20.
• Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: a prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions. Brooke MM, Questad KA, Patterson DR, Bashak KJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(4):320-3.
• Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury: a quantitative study. Levin HS, Grossman RG. Arch Neurol 1978;35:720-727.
• Cognitive remediation in TBI: update and issues. Ben-Yishay Y, Diller L. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 204-13.
• Employment following traumatic head injuries. Dikmen SS, et al. Arch Neurol 1994; 51: 177-86.
• Neurobehavioral sequelae of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: a cohort study. Massagli, T, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, et al. Arch of Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Mar;77(3):223-31.
• Medical and surgical complications of pediatric brain injury. McLean DE, Keitz ES, Keenan CJ, et al. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995;10(5):1-12.
• Recovery trends over three years following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Jaffe KM, Polissar NL, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76: 17-26.
• Predictor of family functioning and change 3 years after traumatic brain injury in children. Rivara JB, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 754-64.
• Guidelines for Return to Contact Sports After a Cerebral Concussion. Cantu,RC The Physician and Sports Medicine 14:75-76, 79, 83, 1986.
• Intervention with environmental enrichment after experimental brain trauma enhances cognitive recovery in male but not female rats. Wagner AK, Kline AE, Sokoloski J, et al. Neurosci Lett 2002;334(3):165-168.
• Second Impact Syndrome. McCrory PR and Berkovic SF. Neurology 50:677-683, 1998. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter McCrory in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Traumatic brain injury. Predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation. Katz DI, Alexander MP. Arch Neurol. 1994;51(7):661-70.

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• A randomized controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Bracken M, et al. N Engl J Med. 1990 May 17;322(20):1405-11.
• Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilizad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury, Results of the Third NationalAcute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. Bracken, et al. JAMA. 1997 May 28;277(20):1597-604.
• Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial. Bracken MB, J Neurosurg. 1998 Nov;89(5):699-706.
• Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute SCI: 1 year-follow up data. Bracken MB, et al. J Neurosurgery 1992; 76: 23-31.
• Bacteriuria with fever after spinal cord injury. Cardenas DD, Mayo ME. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987;68: 291-3.
• Classification of chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries. Cardenas DD, Turner JA, Warms CA, Marshall HM. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1708-1714.
• The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Denis F. Spine. 1983 Nov-Dec;8(8):817-31.
• Functional hand surgery following tetraplegia. Waters R, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Jan;77(1):86-94. (complete)
• Aerobic training effects of electrically induced lower extremity exercises in spinal cord injured people. Pollack S, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989 Mar; 70(3): 214-219. (complete)
• Prevention of Thromboembolism after Spinal Cord Injury Using Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Green D, et al. Ann Int Med. Vol 113 No 8 1990.
• Physiologic parameters associated with sexual arousal in women with incomplete SCI. Sipski ML, Alexander CJ, Rosen RC. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78:305-13.
• Physiological parameters associated with psychogenic sexual arousal in women with complete SCI. Sipski ML, Alexander CJ, Rosen RC. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76:811-8.
• Ischemic myelopathy: a review of spinal vasculature and related clinical syndromes. Sliwa JA, Maclean IC. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:365-72.
• Cognitive deficits in spinal cord injury: epidemiology and outcome. Davidoff GN, Roth EJ, Richards S. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, March 1992; 73:275-284.
• Benefits of rehabilitation for traumatic spinal cord injury. Yarkony GM, Roth EJ, Heinemann AW, et al. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 93-96.
• Functional neuromuscular stimulation for standing after spinal cord injury. Yarkony GM, Jaeger RJ, Roth EJ, Kralj AR, Quintern J. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990; 71: 201-206.
• Functional skills after spinal cord injury rehabilitation: three-year longitudinal follow-up. Yarkony GM, Roth EJ, Heinemann AW, Lovell L, Wu Y. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1988; 69: 111-114.
• Rehabilitation technology for standing and walking after spinal cord injury. Jaeger RJ, Yarkony GM, Roth EJ. Am J Physical Med Rehabil 1989;68: 128-133.
• Traumatic central cord syndrome: clinical features and functional outcomes. Roth EJ, Lawler MH, Yarkony GM. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 18-23.
• Ventilatory function in cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury. Roth EJ, Lu A, Primack S, et al. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 76: 262-267.
• The halo skeletal fixator: current concepts of application and maintenance. Botte, MJ. Orthopedics 1995; 18:5: 463 –471.
• Cardiovascular consequences of loss of supraspinal control of the sympathetic nervous system after spinal cord injury.Teasell RW. Arnold JM. Krassioukov A. Delaney GA. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81(4): 506-16.
• The effect of tidal volumes on the time to wean persons with high tetraplegia from ventilators. Peterson WP, Barbalata L, Brooks CA, et al. Spinal Cord 1999;37(4):284-8.
• Motor and sensory recovery following incomplete tetraplegia. Waters RL, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 306-11.
• Autonomic hyperreflexia with spinal cord injury: a review. Colachis SC III. J Am Paraplegia Soc 1992; 15: 171-86.
• Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. Penn RD, et al. N Engl J Med.1989;320(23):1517-21.
• Neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury: I. restoration of functional movement of the extremities. Yarkony GM, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73: 78-86.

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• Medical complications encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Roth EJ. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1991;2(3):563-78.
• Does the application of constraint-induced movement therapy during acute rehabilition reduce arm impairment after ischemic stroke? Dromerick AW. Stroke 2000;31(12):2984-8.
• Impact of motor, cognitive, and perceptual disorders on ability to perform activities of daily living after stroke. Mercier L, Audet T, Hebert R, et al. Stroke 2001;32:2602-2608.
• Brain plasticity and stroke rehabilitation. Johansson BB. Stroke 2000;31:223-230.
• A model for stroke patient management during the acute phase: outcome and economic implications. Odderson IR, McKenna BS. Stroke 1993;24:1823-1827.
• Intracranial aneurysms. Schievink WI. N Engl J Med 1997;336:28-40.
• Cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations: implications for rehabilitation. Clinchot DM, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 1342-51.
• Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Nudo RJ, Wise, BM, et al. Science 1996;272:1791-1794.
• Heart disease in patients with stroke: incidence, impact, and implications for rehabilitation part 1: classification and prevalence. Roth EJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74:752-760.
• Heart disease in patients with stroke. Part II: impact and implications for rehabilitation. Roth EJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, January 1994; 75:94-101.
• Incidence of and risk factors for medical complications during stroke rehabilitation. Roth EJ, Lovell L, Harvey RL, Heinemann AW, Semik P, Diaz S. Stroke. 2001; 32:523-529.
• Treatment efficacy for adults with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Miller J. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75(11):1256-62.
• Factors predictive of stroke outcome in rehabilitation setting. Ween, J. Neurology 1996;47(2):388-92. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Ween in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Treatment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Liepert J, et al. Stroke. 2000; 31(6):1210-6.
• Blood pressure in acute stroke: the Copenhagen stroke study. Jorgensen HS, et al. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;13(3):204-9.
• Prediction of walking function in stroke patients with initial lower extremity paralysis: the Copenhagen stroke study. Wandel A, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(6):736-8.
• Neurologic and functional recovery: the Copenhagen stroke study. Jorgensen HS, et al. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 1999;10(4):887-906.
• What determines good recovery in patients with the most severe strokes?: the Copenhagen stroke study. Jorgensen HS, et al. Stroke 1999;30(10):2008-12.
• Stroke Recurrence: predictors, severity, and prognosis: the Copenhagen stroke study. Jorgensen HS, et al. Neurology 1997;48(4):891-5. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Jorgensen in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Recovery of walking function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen stroke study. Jorgensen HS, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76(1):27-32.
• Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen stroke study. Nakayama H, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(4):394-8.
• The influence of age on stroke outcome: the Copenhagen stroke study. Nakayama H, et al. Stroke. 1994;25(4):808-13.
• Intrathecal baclofen for spastic hypertonia from stroke. Meythaler JM. Stroke. 2001;32(9):2099-109.
• Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of upper extremity spasticity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Simpson DM et al. Neurology 1996;46(5):1306-10. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Simpson DM in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)

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• Cerebral palsy. Kuban, KCK, Leviton, A. New Eng J Med. 1994, 330:188-195.
• Prognosis for gross motor function in cerebral palsy. Rosenbaum PL, Walter SD, Hanna SE, Palisano RJ, Russell DJ, Raina P, Wood E, Bartlett DJ, Galuppi BE. JAMA 2002; 288:1357-1363.
• Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. Sanger TD, Delgado M, et.al. Pediatrics. 2003,111:e89-e97.
• Selective dorsal rhizotomy: meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials. McLaughlin J, Bjornson K, Temkin N, et al. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002; 44:17-25.
• A long-term follow-up study: selective posterior rhizotomy. Arens LJ, Peacock WJ, Peter J: Childs Nerv Syst. 1989; 5: 148-152.
• Effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gait in children with cerebral palsy. Boscarino LF, Ounpuu S, Davis RB III, et al: J Pediatr Orthop 1993; 13: 174-179.
• Selective posterior lumbosacral rhizotomy in teenagers and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. Peter JC, Arens LJ. Br J Neurosurg. 1994;8:135-139.
• Cerebral palsy and rhizotomy: a three-year follow-up evaluation with gait analysis. Vaughan CL, Berman B, Peacock WJ. J Neurosurg 1991; 74:178-184.
• Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for spasticity of cerebral origin. Albright AL, Barron WB, Fasick MP, et al. JAMA 1993; 270: 2475-2477.
• Management of the lower extremities in children who have cerebral palsy. Bleck EE: J Bone Joint Surg 1990; 72A:140-144.
• Cerebral palsy: orthopedic management. Renshaw TS, Green NE, Griffin PP, et al. J Bone Joint Surg, 1995;77A: 1590-1606.
• Walking prognosis in cerebral palsy: A 22-year retrospective analysis. Campos da Paz A, Burnett SM, Braga LW: Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1994; 36: 130-134.
• Traumatic brain injury in children. Michaud LJ, Duhaime AC, Batshaw ML. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993;40(3):553-65.
• Developmental perspective for the rehabilitation of children with physical disability. Molnar GE. Pediatr Ann 1988; 17: 766-76.
• Motorized wheelchair driving by disabled children. Buttler C, Okamoto GA, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984; 65: 95-7.
• Prevalence of reduced bone mass in children and adults with spastic quadriplegia. King W, Levin R, Schmidt R, et al. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003; 45:12-16.
• Evaluation and management: obstetric brachial plexus injuries. Waters PM. J Amer Acad Orthop. 1997; 5: 205-214.
• Use of the green transfer in treatment of patients With spastic cerebral palsy: 17-year experience. Beach WR, Strecker WB, Coe J, et al: J Pediatr Orthop 1991; 11: 731-736.
• Surgical reconstruction of the upper extremity in cerebral palsy. Goldner JL: Hand Clin 1988; 4: 223-265.
• Arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in children and adults. Goldner JL, Koman LA, Gelberman R, et al: Adjunctive Treatment of Thumb-in-PalmDeformity in Cerebral Palsy. Clin Orthop 1990; 253: 75-89.
• Long-term follow-up on tendon transfers to the extensors of the wrist and fingers in patients with cerebral palsy. Hoffer MM, Lehman M, Mitani M. J Hand Surg 1986; 11A:836-840.
• Wrist fusion in cerebral palsy. Hoffer MN, Zeitzew S: J Hand Surg. 1988; 13A:667-670.
• Comparison of pronator tenotomy and pronator rerouting in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Strecker WB, Emanuel JP, Dailey L, et al: J Hand Surg 1988; 13A: 540-543.
• Long-term follow-up of the flexor carpi ulnaris transfer in spastic hemiplegic children. Thometz JG, Tachdjian M: J Pediatr Orthop 1988; 8:407-412.
• Combined split anterior tibial tendon transfer and intramuscular lengthening of the posterior tibial tendon: results in patients who have a varus deformity of the foot due to spastic cerebral palsy. Barnes MJ, Herring JA: J Bone Joint Surg 1991; 73A:734-738.
• Birth brachial plexus palsy. Nelson MR. Phys Med Rehabil State Of The Art Rev 2000; 14: 237-246.
• The life expectancy of persons with cerebral palsy. Crichton JU, Machinnon M, White CP: Dev Med and Child Neurology 1995; 37: 567-576.
• Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) outcome with conservative management. Eng, GD, et al. Muscle and Nerve 19:884-891, 1996.
• Forced use treatment of childhood hemiparesis. Willis JK, Morello A, et al. Pediatrics 2002; 110:94-96.
• Brachial plexus birth injuries and current management. Shenaq SM, Berzin E, et al. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 1998;25(4):527-536.
• Prognosis for ambulation in cerebral palsy. Sala DA, Grant AD. Dev Med Child Neurol, 1995;37:1020-1026.
• Non-accidental head injury in infants – the “shaken-baby syndrome”. Duhaime AC, et al. N Engl J Med 1998;338(25):1822-1829.

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• The treatment of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Rideau and Bach JR. Muscle Nerve. 1984;7(4):281-6.
• Neuromuscular disease: rehabilitation and electrodiagnosis. 3. Muscle disease. Hays RM, Kowalske KJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 May;76(5 Spec No):S21-5.
• Management of musculoskeletal complications in neuromuscular disease. Vignos PJ. Phys Med Rehab: State of The Art Reviews 1988;2:509-536.
• Rehabilitation of infants and children with neuromuscular disorders. Eng G, Binder H. Pediatr Ann. 1988;17(12):745, 748, 750-2.
• Respiratory dysfunction in muscular dystrophy and other myopathies. Lynn DJ, Woda RP, Mendell JR. Clin Chest Med 1994;15: 661-74.
• Critical illness myopathy and neuropathy. Latronico N, Fenzi F, Recupero D, et al. Lancet 1996; 347:1579-82.
• Gene therapy for muscle diseases. Coovert DD, Burghes AH. Curr Opin Neurol 1994; 7: 463-70.
• End of life care in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hilton T, Orr RD, Perkin RM, Ashwal S. Pediatr Neurol 1993;9:165-77.
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Clinical features and response to treatment in 67 consecutive patients with and without a monoclonal gammopathy. Gorson KC, Allan G, Ropper AH. Neurology 48; 321-331, 1997.
• The Guillain-Barre syndrome: a review. Ropper, A. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(17):1130-6.
• Rehabilitation of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Meythaler JM, Arch Phys Med Rehabil.1997;78(8):872-9.
• Neuromuscular disorders in systemic malignacies. Stubgen. Curr Opin Neurol. 1997;10(5):371-5.
• Neuromuscular disorders in systemic malignancy and its treatment. Stubgen. Muscle Nerve. 1995;18(6):636-48.
• Evaluation and rehabilitation of adult motor neuron disease. Francis K, Bach J. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(8):951-63.
• Comprehensive management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Carter GT, Miller RG.Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1998; 9: 271-84.
• Exercise therapies in peripheral neuropathies. Herbison GJ, Jaweed MM, Ditunno JF Jr. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983;64(5):201-5.
• Causes of neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit: a study of ninety-two patients. Lacomis D, Petrella JT, Giuliani MJ. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21: 610-7.
• Late effects of polio: critical review of the literature on neuromuscular function. Agre JC, Rodriquez AA, Tafel JA. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991; 72: 923-31.
• The role exercise in the patient with post-polio syndrome. Agre JC. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995; 753: 321-34.
• Muscular function in late polio and the role of exercise in post-polio patients. Agre JC, Rodriquez AA. Neurorehabilitation 1997; 8:107-18.
• Post-polio syndrome. Halstead LS. Sci Am 1998; 278(4): 42-7.

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• Strategies for analyzing nerve conduction Data: Superiority of a Summary Index over Single Tests. Robinson LR, Micklesen P, Wang L. Muscle Nerve 21:1166-1171, 1998.
• False positive electrodiagnostic tests in carpal tunnel syndrome. Redmond MD,Rivner MH. Muscle Nerve. 1988 May;11(5):511-8.
• Outcome assessment for carpal tunnel surgery: the relative responsiveness of generic, arthritis-specific, disease-specific, and physical examination measures. Amadio P. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1996;21(3):338-46.
• Comparison of multiple frequency vibrometry testing and sensory nerve conduction measures in screening for carpal tunnel syndrome in an industrial setting. Werner RA, Franzblau A, Johnston E. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;74(2):101-6.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy: frequency, severity, and prognosis. Stolp-Smith KA, Pascoe MK, Ogburn PL Jr. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(10):1285-7.
• Predicting acute denervation in carpal tunnel syndrome. Hirsh D, Tan FC. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79(3):306-12.
• Cervical radiculopathy: a review. Ellenberg, M. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(3):342-52.
• Motor conduction studies in Guillain-Barre syndrome: description and prognostic value. Cornblath DR, Mellits ED, Griffin JW, et al. Ann Neurol 1988;23(4):354-9.
• Prognostic value of electrodiagnosis in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Miller RG, Peterson GW, Daube JR, Albers JW. Muscle Nerve. 1988;11(7):769-74.
• The thoracic outlet syndrome: controversies, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and recommendations for management. Cuetter AC, Bartoszek DM. Muscle Nerve.1989;12(5):410-9.
• Electrophysiologic studies of critically ill patients. Bolton CF. Muscle and Nerve 10:129-135, 1987.
• Approach to peripheral neuropathy and neuronopathy. Barohn RJ. Semin Neurol 1998; 18: 7-18.
• Neuropathic pain of peripheral origin: advances in pharmacological treatment. Galer BS. Neurology 1995; 45 Suppl 9: S17-25.
• Lifetime benefits and costs of intensive therapy as practiced in the diabetes control and complications Trail. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. JAMA 1996; 276: 1409-15.
• Complications associated with sedative and neuromuscular blocking drugs in critically ill patients. Prielipp RC, Coursin DB, Wood KE, Murray MJ. Crit Care Clin 1995; 11: 983-1003.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical neurophysiology. Werner RA, Andary M. Clin Neurophyiol 2002;113(9):1373-81.
• What you always wanted to know about the history and physical examination of neck pain but were afraid to ask. Honet JC, Ellenberg MR. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14(3):473-91.
• Brachial plexus. Murray B, Wilbourn AJ. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(7):1186-8.
• Electrodiagnostic approach to the patient with suspected brachial plexopathy. Ferrante MA, Wilbourn AJ. Neurol Clin. 2002;20(2):423-50. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Ferrante in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Early electrodiagnostic findings in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Gordon PH, Wilbourn AJ. Arch Neurol. 2001;58(6):913-7.
• Cervical radiculopathies. Cuetter A. Neurology 1997;48(1):295.
• Thoracic outlet syndromes. Wilbourn AJ. Neurol Clin. 1999;17(3):477-97. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Wilbourn in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)

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• The injured worker: assessment and treatment. Weinstein SM, Herring SA, Shelton JL. Phys Med Rehabil State Art Rev 1990; 4:361-77.
• Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular Conditions of Instrumental Musicians. Bejani, FJ, Kaye GM, Benham M. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1996: Vol 77:406 - 413.
• Optimizing outcome in the injured worker with low back pain. Nadler, SF, Stitik TP, Malanga GA. Crit Rev Phys Med Rehabil Med 1999;11:139-169.
• Hand Wrist Cumulative Trauma Disorders in Industry. Silverstein BA et al. Br J Ind Med 43: 779-784, 1986.
• Epidemiologic studies of low back pain. Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Costanza MC, et al. Spine 1980; 5:419-23.
• Guidelines for functional capacity evaluation of people with medical conditions. Hart DL, Isernhagen SJ, Matheson LN. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993; 18:682-6.
• A retrospective study. III. employee-related factors. Bigos SJ, Slpengler DM, Marin NA, Zeh J, et al. Spine 1986; 11: 252-6.
• An ergonomic evaluation comparing desktop, notebook, and subnotebook computers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002; 83(4):492-7.
• Short-term effects of workstation exercises on musculoskeletal discomfort and postural changes in seated video display unit workers. Phys Therap 2002:82(6): 578-89.
• Pattern of performance in workers with low back pain during a comprehensive motor performance evaluation. Menard MR, Cooke C, et al Spine 1994;19:1359-66
• Incentive effects of workers’ compensation benefits: a literature synthesis. Loesser JD, Henderlite SE, et al. Med Care Res Rev. 1995; 52: 34-59.
• A prospective study of work perceptions and psychological factors affecting the report of back injury. Bigos SJ, Battie MC, et al. Spine 1991; 16: 1-6.
• Managing work disability: why first return to work is not a measure of success. Butler RJ, Johnson WG, et al. Ind Labor Relations Rev 1995; 48: 452-69.
• Recent trends in work-related cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremity in the US: an evaluation of possible reasons. Brogmus GE, Sorock GS, et al. J Occup Environ Med 1996; 38: 401 -11.
• The process of recovery: Patterns in industrial back injury. Part 1. Cost and other quantitative measures of effort. Leavitt SS, Johnson TL, et al. Ind Med Sur 1971; 40: 7-14.
• The development of guideline factors for the evaluation of disability in neck and back injuries. Clark W, Haldeman S. Spine 1993;18: 1736-45.
• The diagnosis of disability: treating and rating disability in a pain clinic. Sullivan MD, Loeser JD. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 1829-35.
• Review article: randomized controlled trials in industrial low back pain relating to return to work. Part 1. Acute interventions. Scheer SJ, Radack KL, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76:966-73.

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• Principles of Cancer rehabilitation. Garden FH, Grabois M, editors. Principles of Rehabilitation Medicine: State of the art rev. 1994; Chapter 71, Section 21; 971-985
• Central nervous system injury by therapeutic irradiation. Dropcho EJ: Neurol Clin 1991; 9: 969-88.
• Neurologic pain syndromes in patients with cancer. Elliot K, Foley KM. Neurol Clin.1989; 7: 333-60.
• Pain rehabilitation. 3. cancer pain, pelvic pain, and age-related considerations. Williams FH, Maly BJ. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75:S-15-6.
• The treatment of cancer pain. Foley KM. N Engl J Med 1985;313: 84-95.
• Brain metastases. Patchell RA. Neurol Clin. 1991; 9: 817-24.
• Extradural spinal cord compressions: analysis of factors determining functional prognosis: prospective study. Kim RY, Spencer SA, et al. Radiology 1990; 176: 279-82.
• Surgical treatment of pathological fractures from metastatic tumor of long bones. Mandi A, Szepesi K, et al. Orthopedics. 1991; 14: 43-9.

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• Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Kurtzke JF. Neurology. 1983;33(11):1444-52.
• Multiple sclerosis: early prognostic guidelines. Kraft GH, Freal JE, Coryell JK, Hanan CL, Chitnis N. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981;62(2):54-8.
• Rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Erickson RP, Lie MR, Wineinger MA. Mayo Clin Proc. 1989;64(7):818-28.
• Gabapentin for relief of upper motor neuron symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Mueller ME, Gruenthal M, Olson WL, Olson WH. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.1997;78(5):521-4.
• Bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes and treatment. Fowler, C. Int MS J 1994;1:99-107
• Vesicourethral dysfunction and urodynamic findings in multiple sclerosis: a study of 149 cases. Gallien P, Robineau S, Nicolas B, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(3):255-7.
• Management of multiple sclerosis. Rudick RA, Cohen JA, Weinstock-Guttman B, Kinkel RP, Ransohoff RM. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1604-11.
• Fatigue and multiple sclerosis: evidence-based management strategies for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. 1998:Washington, DC.
• Fatigue therapy in Multiple Scelrosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Krupp LB, Coyle PK, Doscher NP, Miller A, et al. Neurology 1995; 45: 1956-61.
• Exercise and multiple sclerosis. Ponichtera-Mulcare JA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 451-65.
• The impact of inpatient rehabilitation on progressive multiple sclerosis. Freeman JA, Landon DW, Hobart JC, Thompson AJ. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 236-44.
• Contemporary approaches to the pharmacotherapeutic management of Parkinson’s disease: an overview. Stern MB. Neurology 1997; 49: Suppl 1:S2-9. (No direct link to article available. Click on link above, enter Stern in the author field on the left of the screen and click Search.)
• Physical therapy and parkinson’s disease: a controlled clinical trial. Comella CL, Stebbins GT, Brown-Toms N, Goetz CG. Neurol 1994; 44: 376-8.

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Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Pulmonary embolism in rehabilitation patients: relation to time before return to physical therapy after diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Kiser TS, Stefans VA. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(9):942-5.
• Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The Tasman Study Group. Koopman MM, Prandoni P, Piovella F, et al. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(11):682-7. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1997;337(17):1251.
• 1995 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) consensus guidelines on antithrombotic therapy. Davidson B. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1996;22 Suppl 2:1-5; discussion 29-30.
• Current status of anticoagulation therapy after total hip and total knee arthroplasty. Zimlich RH, Fulbright BM, Friedman RJ. J Am Acad Orthop Surg.1996;4(2):54-62.
• Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin. Green D, Chen D, Chmiel JS, et al. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(3):290-2.
• A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Kearon C. N Engl J Med 1999;340:901-7.
• Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Kovacs MJ, et al. N Engl J Med 2003;349(7):631-9.
• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants after total hip arthroplasty. Prandoni P, Bruchi O, Sabbion P, et al. Arch Intern Med, 2002; 162:1966-1971.

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Pressure Ulcers

• A multicenter study on the use of pulsed low-intensity direct current for healing chronic stage II and stage III decubitus ulcers. Wood JM, Evans PE 3rd, et al. Arch Dermatol 1993; 129(8):999-1009.
• The effectiveness of preventive management in reducing the occurrence of pressure sores. Krouskop TA, Noble PC, Garber SL and Spencer WA. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 1983; 20(1): 7483.
• Pressure ulcers: a review. Yarkony GM. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75(8):908-17.
  

HIV/AIDS

• HIV- related disability: assessment and management. O’Dell ME, editor. Phys Med Rehabil: State of the Art Rev. Vol 7 (Special issue) 1993.
• Experience with rehabilitation in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. O’Connell PG, Levinston SF. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991; 70: 195-200.
• Rehabilitation medicine consultation in person hospitalized with AIDS. O’Dell MW. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 72: 90-6.
• Rehabilitation in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases. O’Dell MW, et al. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1992; 71: 183-90.
• Neurologic manifestation of HIV infection. Simpson DM, Tagliati M. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121(10): 769-85.
• Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hirsh MS, D’Aquila RT. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328: 1686-95.
• Rehabilitation dimensions of AIDS: a review. Levinson SF. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.1991; 72: 690-6.
• Disability in persons hospitalized with AIDS. O’Dell MW, et al. AM J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991; 70: 91-5.
• Measuring health status and quality of life in HIV and AIDS. Wu AW, Rubin HR. Psychol Health. 1992; 6: 251-64.

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